In fact, in recent years, an increasing number of DC-based clinical trials have enhanced the general interest in DC biology and the interaction between this innate immune cell type and HIV-1. In this context, DC-based immunotherapy aims to restore DC function through the adoptive transfer of cells. Together, these facts suggest a key role for DC in controlling viral load. 7 In addition, HIV infection promotes suboptimal maturation of DCs, resulting in poor generation of an antiviral immune response. 6 In the context of HIV infection, there is a reduction in the absolute number of DCs, particularly in patients with active HIV-1 replication.
FLOWJO 7.6.5 FREE DOWNLOAD PROFESSIONAL
5 Two major subtypes of DCs include myeloid DCs (mDCs), a professional antigen-presenting cell (APC) capable of initiating a cellular immune response, and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), which are related to the antiviral response by producing high levels of type I interferon (IFN), such as IFN-α. MoDCs have been used as a therapeutic vaccine because of their unique capacity to induce the primary immune response to establish immunological memory and their potent antigen-presenting ability, as well as their ability to induce, sustain and regulate the immune response. 2 Accordingly, efforts have been made to reduce viral replication and improve patients’ quality of life, such as immunotherapy protocols based on autologous monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs). 1 In addition, patient adherence to HAART can be impaired by the side effects. However, HAART is unable to eradicate HIV reservoirs and cannot completely restore the immune response. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has made human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection a chronic disease and, if treated and managed properly, could decrease morbidity and death. Our results suggest that IFN-DCs derived from HIV-infected individuals are able to recognize and present viral antigens to induce TCD4+ cellular immunity to HIV. From the functional profile, we determined that IFN-DCs were capable of producing the cytokine IL-12 p70 and of inducing the production of IFN-γ by CD4 + T lymphocytes but not by TCD8+ lymphocytes. A comparative analysis between both types of monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) showed that immature IFN-DCs were phenotypically distinct from immature IL4-DCs at the baseline of differentiation, presenting a pre-activated profile. To evaluate the phenotypic and functional characteristics, monocytes from HIV-infected subjects were differentiated into IFN-DCs or IL4-DCs, pulsed with chemically inactivated HIV and stimulated with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Different from the conventional protocol for DC differentiation based on the cytokine IL-4 (IL4-DCs), several studies have suggested obtaining DCs by culturing monocytes with type I IFN (IFN-α) to yield IFN-DCs, as performed in cancer therapy. Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy is a promising strategy for the treatment of HIV-infected individuals.
0 kommentar(er)
